岷江上游山区聚落生态位空间分布特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

樊敏  郭亚琳  李富程  王青 《地理科学》2017,37(3):464-472

基于岷江上游山区藏-羌-回-汉聚落生态位和植被生境适宜性的空间分布,借助分形和贝叶斯模型,定量刻画聚落生态位的民族属性对山区聚落生态位的空间分布特征的影响。结果表明：① 岷江上游藏-羌-回-汉聚落生态位间隙度维数分别为0.949、0.942、0.890、0.960,汉族聚落生态位的高间隙度维数,揭示了山区汉族聚落封闭性特点。同时,流域内1 667个聚落生态位间隙度维数（0.946）与藏族（0.949）相似,表明藏族聚落生态位空间异质性特征能够反映整个流域山区聚落生态位空间分异程度。② 岷江上游藏-羌-汉-回聚落生态位内的植被生境适宜性指数均值分别为：2.816、2.622、2.529、2.644,说明山区聚落生态位的空间分布与植被生境相适宜。同时,流域内1 667个聚落生态位几何特征对植被生境的敏感程度（0.601）与羌族（0.610）相似,表明羌族聚落生态位的几何特征具有典型性。③ 藏-羌-回-汉聚落生态位的空间聚簇性地域分异明显、地理边界清晰,说明聚落生态位的民族属性对聚落区位、规模和形态具有显著影响。  相似文献   

基于生态位宽度模型的区域多功能评价及演变分析——以北京市为例     

王炜  念沛豪  朱丹彤  张文新 《世界地理研究》2016,(6):66-77

基于生态位理论,构建多功能生态位宽度模型和评价指标体系,选择2005年、2009年、2013年三个时间点和对北京市发展中起重要作用的6类功能进行评价,并分析其演变特征。结果表明:(1)2013年,农产品生产和生态服务功能呈现出内城区水平低、远郊区水平高、空间集聚程度高、分布集中的特点;远郊区的旅游休闲、文化教育和产业发展功能水平远低于内城区和近郊区;近郊区和远郊平原区的人居服务功能最强,内城区次之,远郊山区最弱。(2)2005年~2013年间,农产品生产和产业发展功能先增加后减少,总体水平增长;旅游休闲和人居服务功能持续增加;文化教育和生态服务功能水平持续下降。旅游休闲、人居服务、产业发展和生态服务功能的等级变化幅度不大;农产品生产功能等级两极化趋势明显;文化教育功能等级逐渐向中间等级集中。(3)功能的演变通常伴随着政策的实施,具有一定的惰性和滞后性。远郊平原区功能日趋多样,大量的农用地被占用,因此农产品生产受到一定的限制。人口老龄化加速,入学人数减少,教育设施相应整合,导致文化教育功能逐年减弱。核心区房价的提升、住房的饱和,导致远郊平原区成为吸纳人口的新城。工业企业的搬迁调整、工业发展的延后性造成产业发展功能的区域差异巨大,但产业发展外扩依旧是今后发展的趋势。生态服务功能只能在远郊区形成,且需要依靠政府调控。  相似文献   

Ontogenetic Shifts in Resource Use and Shoaling Tendency Related to Body Size in Red Sea Goatfish (Parupeneus forsskali, Mullidae)     

Franz  Uiblein 《Marine Ecology》1991,12(2):153-161

Abstract. Red Sea goatfish show marked behavioral differences related to body size in food searching, substrate use, and shoaling tendency. While smaller fish mainly use their barbels to search for food hidden in the upper sediment layers or in crevices of corals, the largest fish frequently burrow with their mouths in deeper layers of the sediment. The conspecific shoaling tendency decreases with increasing size. Only smaller-sized fish are found in mixed-species shoals. The data are discussed with regard to the relations between ontogenetic changes in body size, resource utilization, and socialization patterns.  相似文献   

The Diets in Four Pacific Tube Blennies (Acanthemblemaria: Chaenopsidae): Lack of Ecological Divergence in Syntopic Species     

David G.  Lindquist Kurt M.  Kotrschal 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(4):327-335

Abstract. The diets of three syntopic Gulf of California Acanthemblemaria (A. balanorum, A. crock-eri and A. macrospilus) and A. castroi from the Galapagos Island are nearly uniformly composed of harpacticoid copepods and other small benthic-vagile or planktonic crustaceans. On occasion, large prey items such as crabs or other small fishes are taken. HORN'S index of niche overlap indicates that the three syntopic Acanthemblemaria are not separated along the food resource utilization axis. Slight variations in diets among the syntopic species seem to be related to differences in degree of microhabitat specialization.  相似文献   

台湾海峡及邻近海域主要无脊椎动物食性特征及其食物关系研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

黄美珍 《海洋科学》2005,29(1):73-80

对台湾海峡及邻近海域14种主要经济无脊椎动物的胃含物进行了鉴定分析。结果表明：这些无脊椎动物对饵料生物无明显的选择性，均为混合食性。其食性类型可分为：游泳生物食性类型、游泳动物和底栖动物混合食性类型、底栖生物和浮游动物食性类型、底栖生物食性类型、浮游动物和游泳动物食性类型。10种甲壳动物和4种头足类的营养级范围分别为1．64～2．60级和2．04～2．88级。除周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri)、角突仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis cornuta)和鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curdrostris)属第二营养层次的杂食性动物外，其它的均属第三营养层次的肉食性动物。拥剑梭子蟹(Portunus haanii)、秀斑好(Caarybdis feriatus )、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis harduickii)和杜氏枪乌贼(Loligo duvaucelii)的食物生境宽度较大，它们对各种饵料生物的利用更趋均衡。4种头足类之间、3种蟹类之间食物重叠显著。长尾类、短尾类、鱼类和腹足类是台湾海峡主要无脊椎动物营养层次能量传递中的关键功能类群。  相似文献   

Limiting similarity, niche filtering and functional diversity in coastal lagoon fish communities     

David Mouillot  Olivier Dumay  Jean Antoine Tomasini 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):443-456

The fundamental idea behind the study of biodiversity patterns is the presumed connection between the shape of species assemblages and the functional ways in which they are organized, this functional organization referring to how species are related to one another, as competitors or members of a web of interactions and to how species are facing similar environmental constraints. Amongst the different facets of biodiversity, functional diversity is certainly a key for ecosystem processes in coastal areas. However, surprisingly, patterns of functional diversity have received little attention until now. After presenting a common framework linking functional diversity patterns to species coexistence theories, the aim of our study was twofold: (1) to seek assembly rules in brackish lagoon fish communities drove by functional traits. To this aim we used null models to examine the influence of two opposing forces acting on community structure: interspecific competition that might prevent the coexistence of the most similar species, and environmental filters that might result in the most similar species to coexist. (2) To seek relationships between fish functional diversity and environmental gradients, if any. Fish sampling was carried out in two coastal lagoons where stations differ considerably in terms of physicochemical parameters. Using morphological functional traits, functional diversity of fish communities was estimated using two recently published indices as well as a new proposed index. Firstly our study was not able to demonstrate a limitation of similarity in coexisting lagoon fishes due to interspecific competition. Conversely our results support the niche filtering hypothesis preventing species too dissimilar from one another to co-occur at the same station. Secondly, salinity was positively related to the functional diversity of fishes in both lagoons suggesting that within species assemblages near the channel species are less redundant than at stations far from the channel where species tend to be functionally similar (benthic and eating zooplankton).  相似文献   

Ecological Differences in the Distribution of two Tethya (Porifera, Demospongiae) Species Coexisting in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon     

Giuseppe Corriero  rea Balduzz  Michele Sarà 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(4):303-315

Abstract. In the Sicilian lagoon Stagnone di Marsala, Tethya aurantium and T. citrina show different ecological distributions, although some overlapping occurs. The first species reaches its highest density where linear currents are maximal, and in this habitat it is particularly frequent on Posidonia oceanica rhizomes. The second species is more abundant in still water locations and is equally common on Posidonia rhizomes and on calcareous concretions. Such distributions can be related to water movement, Posidonia shoot density, and associated factors such as sedimentation and food availability. These observations are consistent with an adaptive interpretation of the morphofunctional features distinguishing the two species.  相似文献   

浙江沿岸海域虾类优势种空间生态位分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

卢占晖  周永东  朱文斌  徐开达 《海洋学报》2018,40(2):77-86

生态位与种间竞争、资源利用密切联系，体现了物种在群落中利用资源的能力。为探明浙江沿岸海域虾类分布格局的形成和影响因素，通过相对重要性指数确定了虾类群落优势种，分别采用Levins公式和Pianka指数计测了虾类优势种生态位宽度和生态位重叠，并通过典范对应分析（CCA）研究生态位分化情况。结果表明:研究海域共出现13种虾类优势种，根据生态位宽度大小将研究海域内的虾类优势种分为3类，细巧仿对虾、细螯虾、鲜明鼓虾和中华管鞭虾属于第一类群，以上4种虾类的空间生态位宽度较宽；日本鼓虾、哈氏仿对虾、鹰爪虾、中国毛虾和葛氏长臂虾属于第二类群，这5种虾类空间生态位略低于第一类群，但其生态位仍相对较宽；戴氏赤虾、脊腹褐虾、东海红虾和大管鞭虾这4种虾类的空间生态位较窄，属第三类群；生态位重叠指数变化范围在0.00~0.78，将重叠指数按照大于0.6、0.3~0.6和小于0.3划分为重叠度较高、重叠度较低和重叠度低3个重叠度等级，结果表明，虾类优势种生态位重叠以较低和低2个等级为主；虾类分布受水深、底层溶解氧和底层盐度的影响较大，受水温影响较小。虾类群落优势种空间生态位与生活习性、种间竞争、摄食以及海洋环境因子等多种因素有关。  相似文献   

舟山近岸海域主要甲壳类的生态位及其与种间联结性   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘惠  郭朋军  陈洲杰  水玉跃  俞存根  邓小艳  颜文超  许永久  郑基 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):83-93

本文基于2015年11月（秋季）和2016年5月（春季）在舟山近岸海域开展80个站位的渔业资源调查所获得的甲壳类资料，将调查海域划分为10个区域，并随机分层抽样选取20个站位进行分析。运用生态位测定、典范对应分析（CCA）、方差比率（VR）、卡方检验、联结系数、种对共同出现百分比、点相关系数等方法进行研究。结果表明:研究海域主要甲壳动物共19种，其中优势种3种，重要种6种。通过生态位宽度聚类分析可将主要甲壳类划分成3类，包括广生态位种、中生态位种和狭生态位种。生态位重叠值区间为[0，0.96]，表明物种对资源利用的相似性差异较大，部分甲壳动物存在资源利用性竞争。CCA排序显示，该海域甲壳类受环境因子中盐度、温度以及叶绿素a影响较大。VR值为4.40大于1，统计量W值为87.91超出置信区间（10.85，31.41），得出甲壳类动物群落总体呈显著正相关，卡方检验显示有61个种对的联结性显著（x2 ≥ 3.841），联结系数（AC）、共同出现百分比（PC）以及点相关系数（Ф）表明种间联结性较强，总体趋于正相关。  相似文献   

辽东湾西海岸潮间带大型底栖动物群落生态位特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李轶平  李玉龙  付杰  于旭光  邹存杰 《海洋科学》2019,43(3):32-39

基于2014年9月和2015年4月辽东湾西海岸潮间带10个断面3个潮区的调查数据,对12个优势种的生活型、生态位宽度和生态位重叠度进行了分析,结果表明:12个优势种分别隶属于3门4纲12科;面上生活类群和面下生活类群的比值GS/GSB表现为春季秋季;秀丽织纹螺、日本大眼蟹和丽核螺的生态位宽度较宽(2.171、2.170和2.169),猫爪牡蛎和短角双眼钩虾的生态位宽度较窄(0.637和0.173);生态位重叠较为显著的种类有四组,均是生态位宽度较宽的物种。以上结果也从一个侧面反映了底栖生物对季节和生境的适应情况,由于季节变化和生境不同,使物种生态位宽度值发生了变化,从而影响物种之间的生态位重叠值。  相似文献